The Institute for Integrated Rural Development in the Maharashtra State of India seeks to break the cycle of poverty through sustainable rural development. It works closely with rural women on health and nutrition education and in other community partnerships based on horizontal structures. (SK)

Several action research projects for women's literacy in India demonstrated the importance of developing learners' planning skills, recognizing that learning is spiral and not linear, understanding the complexities of empowerment, and educating for change. (SK)

The Total Literacy Project of Ernakulam District, India, sought to improve the skills of nearly 190,000 low-literate people through a mass campaign with 20,000 trained volunteers and thousands of local literacy centers. Its success was due to cooperation of government, nongovernment, and local agencies. (SK)

The process of globalisation and modernisation of the south through "the development project" continues to "invite" resistance to ecological destruction and displacement of rural and forest-based communities. Post-developmentalist critics emphasise the significance of social movements in ushering in a new partnership for social…

The libraries of India can play an important role in the education of neo-literates by awakening the interest of potential readers, providing specially developed materials, setting aside a special area staffed by trained, sympathetic personnel, and by fostering discussion groups to raise people's consciousness of their power to effect change. (AJ)