Traditional campus-based teacher education programs, located on college or university campuses, have been criticized for being removed from the "real world" of community life, and a number of programs have moved directly into urban communities in order for preservice teachers to become immersed in the life of the community. This article…

This social history of public education in Chicago focuses on the problems encountered and the subsequent changes that took place. The transformation of the frontier schools to accommodate industrialization is traced. The unionization and organization of Chicago teachers are shown. The political, racial, and financial problems that now face…

The major issue in urban education is class conflict. The polarity of the "haves" and "have-nots" limits the schools' services to the latter group because of the generally moderate stance of most liberal school board members and their insufficient zeal in pressing the grievances of the have-nots. Bureaucratic resistance and the…