In an effort to understand the role of the arts in small Illinois communities, a broad exploratory study was conducted in nine counties to determine what potential arts audiences want, what local arts resources offer, and what arts programming strategies are suggested by the gaps between the two. Organizational representatives and individuals responded to interviews and questionnaires designed to test perceptions, desires, and behavior. In addition to school and community college programs (considered the most important source of arts activities in most communities), art, civic, and social organizations in all counties provided many and varied arts-related activities including community art shows and concerts, community and professional theater, painting societies, choruses and bands, drama lessons, and artist-in-residence programs. Respondents particularly enjoyed theater and annual community celebrations. Despite differences between northern and southern counties, the population surveyed was generally satisfied with current opportunities for participation in the arts, but dissatisfied with arts opportunities for youth and the arts activities available. Successful arts programming for rural areas must consider the individual character of target communities. Programs for youth stand a good chance of involving parents who normally would not participate in arts activities. (SB)