Using data gathered from a multi-year field study, this article identifies specific life-course events shared by gang-affiliated women. Gangs emerge as a cultural adaptation or pro-social community response to poverty and racial isolation. Through the use of a social-network approach, data show that violence dramatically increases in the period…

This competency-based, individualized learning package, consisting of 10 learning guides, deals with child development. Addressed in the individual learning guides are the following topics: the safety needs of infants and children; the qualities, attitudes, and traits that increase parenthood readiness; the special needs created by teenage…