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Direct linkNeal, Derek; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007
Many test-based accountability systems, including the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), place great weight on the numbers of students who score at or above specified proficiency levels in various subjects. Accountability systems based on these metrics often provide incentives for teachers and principals to target children near current…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Incentives, Standardized Tests, Grade 6
Download full textGreene, Jay P.; Winters, Marcus A. – Education Working Paper Archive, 2006
Social promotion has long been the normal practice in American schools. Critics of this practice, whereby students are promoted to the next grade regardless of academic preparation, have suggested that students would benefit academically if they were made to repeat a grade. Supporters of social promotion claim that retaining students (i.e, holding…
Descriptors: Social Promotion, Grade Repetition, Standardized Tests, Educational Policy
