As youth's national identity or adopting the nation as the identity is a public concern, arranging them to study in school and know about national culture and history is a supposed strategy. However, critics contend that the study is boring, unintellectual, and thus detrimental. To resolve the controversy over the study, this empirical study analysed survey data on 617 locally born Chinese youths in Hong Kong, which is a special administrative region of China. Results revealed that studying Chinese culture and history in junior high school and its concomitant knowledge were positively predictive of Chinese identity and self-esteem in the youth. Furthermore, the predictive power of the studying was higher for Chinese identity in the undergraduate than in the senior school student. These predictions follow the integrated model of socialization and life crisis resolution theories. Consequently, studying national culture and history is justifiable for strengthening youth's national identity and self-esteem.