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Direct linkTong, Xiuhong; Kwan, Joyce Lok Yin; Xiuli Tong, Shelley; Deacon, S. Hélène – Reading Research Quarterly, 2022
Syntax, or sentence structure, plays a role in reading comprehension, but how students draw on their awareness of syntax in their reading remains unclear; the mechanism is even more ambiguous in bilingual students. In this study, we evaluated the direct and indirect contributions of syntactic awareness on first-language Chinese and second-language…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Native Language, Chinese, English (Second Language)
Tong, Xiuhong; Deng, Qinli; Tong, Shelley Xiuli – Annals of Dyslexia, 2022
This study examined whether syntactic awareness was related to reading comprehension difficulties in either first language (L1) Chinese or second language (L2) English, or both, among Hong Kong Chinese-English bilingual children. Parallel L1 and L2 metalinguistic and reading measures, including syntactic word-order, morphological awareness,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Bilingual Students, Reading Comprehension, Reading Difficulties
Deng, Qinli; Tong, Shelley Xiuli – Annals of Dyslexia, 2021
This study examined whether, and if so how, L1 and L2 segmental and suprasegmental phonological awareness is longitudinally related to L1 and L2 reading comprehension difficulties among Hong Kong Chinese-English bilingual children. Using a regression approach, we identified five types of comprehenders, i.e., 11 poor-Chinese/average-English…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Suprasegmentals, Phonological Awareness, Bilingualism
