The movement of American Samoans to Hawaii and the U.S. mainland is characterized both by one-way permanent migration and by temporary, circular mobility through Samoa, New Zealand, and the United States. American Samoans have developed adaptive strategies for the urban environment, transforming four traditional social structures for use in the…

This paper reviews the problems that recent immigrants to Hawaii encounter. Available data about recent immigrants are quite limited in scope because the information (a) fails to focus specifically on recent immigrants; (b) fails to include appropriate samples, and (c) contains many methodological biases. Since the passage of the present…