The challenge of engaging students with learning has led educators to rediscover apprenticeship. German apprenticeships enroll 70 percent of noncollege-bound teenagers in various manual, technical, and administrative fields in work/school programs that are not dumping grounds for weak students. The roles of U.S. employers, teachers, cooperative…

German Socio-Economic Panel data (1984-90) were used to compare employment experience of apprenticeship graduates to that of university, vocational school, and secondary school graduates. Apprentices had fewer unemployment spells in transition to first employment; 70% left their training firm in the first 5 years. Results support the view that…

The first part of this report examines the relationship of technological change to employment and work. After a brief introduction, chapter 1 discusses new technology and labor productivity versus employment, emphasizing the effects of labor-saving machinery and changes in specific sectors of employment, such as electrical machinery,…

Discusses the education crisis and the debate on the merits of business involvement in secondary education. Compares the U.S. system to that in Germany and Japan. (JOW)

Among 320 young adults in matched German and English labor markets, long-term occupational goals and the behaviors used to achieve them depended not only on past socialization in family and school but also on identity formation related to experiences during transition to employment. Five career patterns are described and linked to transitional…

Uses the example of Germany to examine how a center for vocational education and training is created, the effects on national policies, and the basis for determining center-periphery relationships. Concludes that, because vocational education is embedded in sociocultural contexts, transnational transfer of vocational education systems may be…

This book examines the period around 1900 when young laborers were considered an official social problem in the German Empire. Chapter 2 demonstrates the structural foundations and preconditions of the youth salvation campaign. It analyzes the position of young workers in Germany's urban population, their rapidly changing roles in the labor force,…

This paper focuses on changes necessary for apprenticeship to meet society's current needs in terms of: providing an educational environment, meeting the needs of the European economies, and matching the aspirations of young people. Section 1 provides a narrative account of an apprentice working as a coach finisher in the Great Western Railway…

This publication describes the education and initial vocational training systems for young people in the Member States of the European Community. The section for each country represents the particularities of the individual nation. In each case, the first chapter deals with the responsibilities for and administration of the education system. The…

After briefly summarizing major policy concerns and different perspectives on the relationship between training and work, this report discusses three main modes of vocational training: school-based training, apprenticeship, and training of employees. The goals and ideologies connected with these modes and the national systems that exemplify them…

The early development of university legal education in England, the United States, and Germany is examined. Focus is on: (1) the different historical and social processes that have brought law and higher education together and (2) examination of a more general, comparative nature about the institutional transformation of legal education in these…

Reviews data on massive youth unemployment in the United States and looks at youth training in Germany and Japan. Proposes a national program that would create large numbers of youth trainee positions in the public and private sectors, and would include vocational training and counseling at the high school level. (ML)

Across the globe, it is no secret to people involved with career and technical education (CTE) that the German apprenticeship system is looked upon as the "gold standard" of workforce development training. In this article, the author compares the responses of subject matter experts (SMEs) in Germany and the United States, two of the…

In June 1993, a symposium was held in New York City, Albany, Rochester, and Long Island to introduce the German "dual system" of education and training for youth making the school-to-work transition. Four representatives of the German education and training system and more than 500 representatives of New York's business, labor,…

Examined variation in and relationships among delinquency, attachment to adults, optimism about occupational future, and disposition toward aggressiveness in German adolescent apprentices. Found considerable variation across the four variables. Attachment to adults predicted attitudes toward delinquency and optimism regarding occupational future.…