In psychology programs, students should acquire both domain-specific knowledge and cross-domain competences important for later practice (e.g., multiple document literacy). Typically, such competences are trained "directly" in courses explicitly devoted to them or indirectly in courses on psychological topics that require them without…

Graduates expect higher education to provide both subject-specific knowledge as well as cross-curricular competencies in order to handle new and unknown situations in their professional life. In this regard, it is problematic that the latter construct is still both theoretically and empirically vague. In addition, concerning the fostering of…