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Parker, Philip D.; Marsh, Herbert W.; Ludtke, Oliver; Trautwein, Ulrich – Learning and Instruction, 2013
The internal/external frame of reference and the big-fish-little-pond effect are two major models of academic self-concept formation which have considerable theoretical and empirical support. Integrating the domain specific and compensatory processes of the internal/external frame of reference model with the big-fish-little-pond effect suggests a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Context Effect, Educational Environment, Mathematics