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Direct linkMelisa Castellanos; Alexander Wettstein; Ludwig Bilz; Sebastian Wachs – International Journal of Developmental Science, 2023
There are scarce studies on bystanders' responses to racist hate speech. The present study was rooted in the general aggression model to examine the direct and indirect associations between witnessing racist hate speech and bystanders' active defending behaviors. Moreover, we examined if these associations varied as a function of the immigration…
Descriptors: Social Bias, Speech Communication, Racism, Audiences
