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Direct linkPowell, Justin J. W.; Graf, Lukas; Bernhard, Nadine; Coutrot, Laurence; Kieffer, Annick – European Journal of Education, 2012
In Europe, the Bologna and Copenhagen Processes in higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET) are on the agenda, aiming to create a European educational area. Acknowledging important differences between countries, we compare the evolving relationship between HE and VET. We ask whether and how these two distinct…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Organizational Change, Foreign Countries, Vocational Education
Powell, Justin J. W.; Bernhard, Nadine; Graf, Lukas – Sociology of Education, 2012
Proposing an alternative to the American model, intergovernmental reform initiatives in Europe have developed and promote a comprehensive European model of skill formation. What ideals, standards, and governance are proposed in this new pan-European model? This model responds to heightened global competition among "knowledge societies"…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Academic Degrees, National Standards
