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Krasnodebski, Marcin – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2018
The initiatives attempting to forge links between the academia and the industry flourished in France after World War I. The so-called "industrial institutes" shared a common goal: to reinvigorate the French economy through science. Because of their focus on applied research, they differed from traditional engineering schools that usually…
Descriptors: Industry, Scientific Research, War, Foreign Countries

Walsh, John – Science, 1972
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Industry, Policy, Scientific Research

Friedman, Abraham S. – Physics Today, 1983
Discusses current activities to revitalize French science and industry and this nation's economy. These include increasing the civil research and development budget nearly 20 percent per year, establishing new links between science and industry, and involving scientists in research policy. (JN)
Descriptors: Budgets, Foreign Countries, Government Role, Industry

Gibert, Henri – Industry and Higher Education, 1998
France and the United Kingdom have similar programs for technology transfer and applications of scientific research. There is great potential for them to combine efforts and work with companies on regional, national, and European strategies for the use of technological innovations. (SK)
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Industry, International Cooperation