Three articles on key issues in distance education, particularly in Europe, focus on different perspectives of distance education planning: an academic viewpoint (Borje Holmberg), an industrial viewpoint (Francesco Musto), and a government viewpoint, or approaches by the European Commission and member states (Nicholas Fox). (MSE)

Looks at eight years of operation of a manpower development program which was created by the metal industries of the Paris region to reduce shortages of skilled manpower. (BH)

This document contains three papers from a symposium on characteristics orientation, needs, and expectations. "Characteristics Orientation of Emerging Professions: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice of Continuing Professional Education" (William H. Young, Margot B. Weinstein) reports on a qualitative study that examined…