This article aims to show the value of the concept of policy trajectory to compare, from a long-term perspective, the transformations of education policies in the context of globalisation. After discussing the scope and limitations of the analyses of the concept in the literature -- descriptive, sequential, metaphorical and building on the works…

This article examines French and English average performances and educational inequality in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) between 2000 and 2018. It asks why English average scores in 2018 are much higher than those of France when they were fairly similar in previous PISA assessments. It questions why the impact of…

This paper retraces the evolution of the relationships between higher education institutions, the state and the academic profession in France since the French Revolution on the one hand and the parallel evolution of the societal expectations for their roles and missions, on the other. It in particular highlights the divide between the universities…

Analyzes the political motivations for and history of a 1951 law promoting the study of Breton, Basque, Catalan, and Occitan. (Text is in French.) (MSE)

The development of the new French universities is traced from 1968 to 1978. Chapter One examines the state of French higher education prior to 1968, including such aspects as access to education and student life. Chapter Two focuses on the student revolt at the Sorbonne on May 3, 1968. In the next four chapters, the emergence of the Faure law with…

Two linguistic and religious aspects of the Alsatian school are discussed. These two aspects of the problem converge in the area commonly called Alsace-Lorraine. The discussion of the school question is developed in two parts: (1) the historical evolution prior to the German occupation in 1940, and (2) developments since 1940. The interlocking of…