Focuses on the level of American interest in French culture and civilization. The article maintains that French Civilization courses are more popular among American college students primarily due to the economic role of France in the United States. Teaching French-related courses that present a refurbished image of France as a modern viable…

The trends and reforms of the French postsecondary education system show fundamental adaptation to new concerns, but the development is slow and uneven, being kept in check by certain well-established institutions. The main causes of malfunctions, attributed to it by students, employers, governments, and teachers, are identified and discussed.…

Traditional Marxist approaches to the state relegate superstructural institutions like the school to a minor role in the process of social change. More recent theories like those of Gramsci, Althusser, and Poulantzas raise the state and the class struggle in the state apparatuses to a much more prominent position: superstructure, including the…