Over the past two decades, community organizing has emerged as an effective force for school improvement. In the context of shrinking education funding, stubborn opportunity and achievement gaps between low-income and wealthy children and between children of color and White children, and polarizing debate on school reform, community organizing…

The focus on the achievement gap and growing debate about No Child Left Behind (NCLB) reauthorization have sparked increased recognition that schools alone cannot meet the learning needs of American children. There is growing interest at all levels in identifying non-school supports and opportunities that both complement learning in schools and…

Junior college activities are coordinated directly by 35 states and by universities in 9 states, while 6 states have no visible agency for the purpose. Existing staffs consist mainly of newcomers, and literature on statewide control is limited. Forces that are increasing state control over local activities include: (1) the shift of financing to…

A recent study found a lack of homogeneity among supervisors with respect to their role performance despite a similarity with respect to role expectation. To develop an accurate descriptive model of the supervisory process, data were collected describing both the activities of supervisors and their perception of the purpose of supervision.…