The increased diversity in pupils' cultural and ethnic backgrounds in schools creates urgent demands for the organization of school celebrations in many countries. Celebrations represent the cultural values of the society and it is important to find out how various traditions are expressed in them. This study examines teachers' and other…

A series of articles discusses the responsibility of the state for the work of educational organizations. Traces the history of this support in Finland and Sweden from the 1920s to the present. Details the history of the Labour Party in Finland as a significant factor in the development of these educational organizations. (NJ)

This theme issue, centered around the Kalevala (a collection of primarily lyrical folk poems), includes articles giving the history of the Kalevala and its place in Finnish culture, comparing the Kalevala and the lyric poems of Homer, the Kalevala's influence on modern Finnish culture, the Kalevala in contemporary theatre, and celebrations…

The author discusses the free cultural movement and how it is being influenced by technical development and the trend for social and cultural lives to be more political. (Author/BP)

A report of the activities of the Writers' Centre of Finland as an agent between writers' organizations and the public is presented. The activities focused on bringing literature to a wide group of readers through lectures and tours. The Centre also assists in the education of adults and children. (EC)

The excerpts from four speeches at the National Adult Education Conference deal with the distribution of tasks of the State, communes, and organizations of free cultural activities in the field; administrative questions; and economic responsibilities. (Author/BP)

The speaker discusses the role of the Society for Popular Culture in adult education with particular attention to training and leisure time pursuits brought about by the overall change in society--school reform, mobility of population, increased leisure, and the goals of vocational training. (Author/BP)

Five articles discuss aspects of municipal cultural activity in Finland, including legislation, the adult education system, administrative cooperation, municipal recreational services, and changes in public library services. (SK)

ADULT EDUCATION DEGREES IN FINLAND ARE OFFERED ONLY AT THE INSTITUTE OF ADULT EDUCATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE. STUDY IS PURELY THEORETICAL WITH EXAMINATIONS BEING GIVEN AT THREE LEVELS. MOST OF THE RESEARCH ON ADULT EDUCATION HAS BEEN CONDUCTED BY THE INSTITUTE. BEGINNING IN 1873 WITH LECTURES AT A WOMEN'S ACADEMY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF…