This publication presents speeches, papers and discussion from a seminar on higher education in Europe, particularly in the Nordic counties of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland, as well as Eastern European countries. Following an introduction the opening speech by Alexander Sannikov, the UNESCO Secretariat, is reproduced. Part I contains papers and comments on the evaluation of higher education in the four Nordic countries. The first, on Denmark, identifies three periods or eras since 1945 characterized by the doldrums, student activism, and professionalism, respectively. The second paper, on Finland, discusses forms of evaluation and development since 1960. It proposes a concept of development centers. The paper on evaluation of higher education in Norway reviews government initiative and the problems of management and evaluation. It notes the low productivity level of this particular system. The chapter on Sweden considers various types of evaluation and describes the Swedish system. Part II contains three shorter studies on Eastern Europe, one on Bulgaria, one on Germany and a third on the Soviet Republics. Where comments on papers were received, they are included in the publication. Most papers offer extensive references. (JB)