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Carnoy, Martin; Khavenson, Tatiana; Ivanova, Alina – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2015
In this paper, we develop a multi-level comparative approach to analyse Trends in International Mathematics and Science Survey (TIMSS) and Programme of International Student Achievement (PISA) mathematics results for a country, Russia, where the two tests provide contradictory information about students' relative performance. Russian students do…
Descriptors: Comparative Education, Educational Policy, Achievement Tests, Mathematics Achievement
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Pietikainen, Sari; Lane, Pia; Salo, Hanni; Laihiala-Kankainen, Sirkka – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2011
This article examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of seven villages above the Arctic Circle, in the region called North Calotte. The area forms a complex nexus of contested and changing multilingualism, particularly as regards to endangered indigenous Sami languages and Kven and Meankieli minority languages. Viewing LL as a discursively…
Descriptors: Language Minorities, Indigenous Populations, Foreign Countries, Multilingualism