A substantial share of public investment is spent on public procurement in the European Union (EU) (ca. EUR 2 trillion per annum, representing 14% of EU GDP) and quality public services depend on well-managed and efficient modern procurement. Improving public procurement can yield big savings: a 1% efficiency gain could save EUR 20 billion every…

Chapter 1 starts out with a short historical view on "academisation" and "professionalisation," illustrating how much professional higher education (PHE) in Europe has been in flux in the past years. With examples from France and Ireland, the chapter argues how a new spectrum of missions, differences in national organization of…

This paper is a macro study on higher education R&D and its impact on productivity growth. I measure the social rate of return on higher education R&D in 17 high-income OECD countries using country level data on the percentage of gross expenditure on R&D performed by higher education, business, and government sectors over the period…

Ways that university-industry networks begin and then operate are discussed, based on 14 country reports. The various types of collaborative networks are considered, with particular focus on networks and industrial development. New forms of university-industry relations are also categorized by the function that they are intended to fulfill:…

Under the guidance of the Council of Europe's ad hoc Committee for Educational Research, a survey was conducted in 1970 to provide detailed yet concise information on the educational research policy of member governments, on the main educational research organizations, and on the major educational research projects reported or in progress at that…