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Holopainen, Leena; Hakkarainen, Airi – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2019
This study explores the long-term effects of difficulties in reading and mathematical skills on educational achievement and successful graduation from secondary education as well as the role of special education in successful graduation. Study participants were all 16-year-old ninth graders from one Finnish city (N = 595; 302 females, 293 males)…
Descriptors: Special Education, Grade 9, Secondary School Students, High School Graduates
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Hakkarainen, Airi M.; Holopainen, Leena K.; Savolainen, Hannu K. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2015
In this longitudinal study, we investigated the role of word reading and mathematical difficulties measured in 9th grade as factors for receiving educational support for learning in upper secondary education in Grades 10 to 12 (from ages 16 to 19) and furthermore as predictors of dropout from upper secondary education within 5 years after…
Descriptors: Followup Studies, Dropout Prevention, Dropout Research, Secondary Education