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Kiuru, Noona; Lerkkanen, Marja-Kristiina; Niemi, Pekka; Poskiparta, Elisa; Ahonen, Timo; Poikkeus, Anna-Maija; Nurmi, Jari-Erik – Reading Research Quarterly, 2013
This study examined the role of reading disability (RD) risk and environmental protective factors in reading fluency in grade 4. The sample consisted of 538 Finnish-speaking students. Kindergarten measures included the students' risk for RD based on poor achievement in phonological awareness and letter knowledge as well as information on the three…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Reading Difficulties, Reading Fluency, At Risk Students
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Heinonen, Johanna; Aro, Tuija; Ahonen, Timo; Poikkeus, Anna-Maija – Psychological Assessment, 2011
Test-taking behaviors (i.e., task focus, maintenance of attention, and cooperation) affect children's cognitive test performance, and, thus, it is critical to take test-taking behavior into account when drawing conclusions and making recommendations. Prior studies have evaluated test-taking behaviors at the end of the assessment; the present study…
Descriptors: Testing, Cognitive Tests, Intelligence Quotient, Foreign Countries