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Direct linkWisniewski, Katrin – Language Learning, 2017
The "Common European Framework of Reference" (CEFR) is the most widespread reference tool for linking language tests, curricula, and national educational standards to levels of foreign language proficiency in Europe. In spite of this, little is known about how the CEFR levels (A1-C2) relate to empirical learner language(s). This article…
Descriptors: Guidelines, Standards, Second Language Learning, Computational Linguistics
Tavakoli, Parvaneh; Uchihara, Takumi – Language Learning, 2020
This study examined the relationship between oral fluency and use of multiword sequences (MWSs) across four proficiency levels (Low B1 to C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference). Data came from 56 learners taking the speaking test of the Test of English for Educational Purposes, and our analysis obtained different measures of fluency…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Fluency, Language Proficiency, Correlation
