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Holman, Don – Applied Language Learning, 2017
Whereas the Interagency Language Roundtable Language Skill Level Descriptions broke new ground for assessing proficiency in foreign languages, the need for user-oriented (rather than assessment-oriented) proficiency scales has led, especially in Europe, to the creation of scales consisting of positively formulated "can-do" statements,…
Descriptors: Guidelines, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Language Skills
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Holman, Don – Applied Language Learning, 2021
Whereas major research universities may accommodate programs of study in Arabic, Chinese, or Persian, regional universities and liberal arts colleges have struggled to adapt to a wider and more complex array of world languages and literatures in the 21st century. Many have been forced to choose between radically restructuring or closing programs…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Modern Languages, College Second Language Programs