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Põder, Kaire; Lauri, Triin – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2021
This study investigates civic and citizenship education in a unique post-Communist context--in the bilingual education system of Estonia. Estonia continues to have a bilingual school system where there are Estonian and Russian language schools in parallel. While Estonian language school students are ranked very high in international comparisons,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap, Civics, Citizenship Education
Põder, Kaire; Lauri, Triin – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2021
This study investigates civic and citizenship education in a unique post-Communist context--in the bilingual education system of Estonia. Estonia continues to have a bilingual school system where there are Estonian and Russian language schools in parallel. While Estonian language school students are ranked very high in international comparisons,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Citizenship Education, Civics, Bilingual Education