This study explains the emergence of virtual classrooms as an online language learning (OLL) instruction method. There is clarification of how virtual classroom systems operate, followed by a discussion of the benefits of learning in these environments. Private corporations are capitalizing on OLL and generating an estimated global gross income of…

Purpose: The paper aims to propose a virtual reality (VR) wisdom teaching model in open university English course from the perspective of "Metaverse". The study aims to testify the stimulation for English learning and the effectiveness of English-expressing with VR tools for adult learners from the practice in a pilot reform project.…

Although virtual exchange has been widely discussed during the (post-)pandemic era, how students do reflexivity in this context has yet to be fully explored. This study invites students from Chinese and Finnish universities to think aloud and reflect on their virtual exchanges by presenting them with video clips of their online intercultural…

Purpose: This study explores the factors that promote university teachers' switching intention from a traditional classroom to a smart classroom based on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework to enrich the theoretical research on the smart classroom and provide a reference for smart classroom promotion. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed…

During attempts to prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic in China, higher education programs shifted their traditional educational models to online models. This paper aimed to explore how Chinese universities organized online teaching and learning during the pandemic. It investigated the factors affecting the implementation of online teaching…

Purpose: Virtual reality (VR) technologies have expanded their application domains towards education with pedagogical benefits including fully immersive learning environment and in-depth user engagement through scenario-based virtual simulations. Motion sickness (MS), however, has become one of the long-standing key challenges of the VR…

This rapid systematic review aims to examine emerging evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on educational institutions and assess the prevalence of e-learning changes in the sector. This paper reviews literature on learning, teaching, and assessment approaches adopted since the COVID-19 outbreak, and assesses the impact on the sector, staff, and…

This article introduces the use of Internet-mediated joint construction (JC) to engage second language (L2) writers to participate in virtual classroom activities in an online teaching environment. Affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, schools and universities in the People's Republic of China were required to rapidly transit to remote…

This paper discusses the application value of the writing teaching mode combined with the mixed teaching mode in college English writing teaching against the background of big data. Focusing on production-oriented approach (POA) theory, this paper proposes a mixed learning writing model for English teaching and applies the POA mixed learning…

Situational engagement plays a critical role in promoting students' academic performance. In a smart classroom environment, this study collected longitudinal real-time data for 105 college students at a university in central China to investigate the relationship among situational engagement, personal characteristics and learning environment…

Compensatory strategies play an important role in second language (L2) processing because of limited language knowledge and ensuing anxiety and could help assure understanding and void communication breakdown. Previous studies about compensatory strategies largely adopt laboratory settings and neglect the strategies in authentic oral…

The constructivist smart classroom learning environment is quickly emerging as an alternative classroom model that integrates active learning with advanced technology to improve learners' socialization and achievement. This research examines pre-service teachers' (n = 462) preferences toward this learning environment, as well as the predictive…

This article outlines the results of an ongoing research project into student experiences of virtual learning platforms. The project is driven by low engagement with online courses and a perceived lack of enthusiasm for Moodle. The author hopes to develop working practices to be used across departments that put students at the centre of designing…

The unexpected COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to teachers' feedback-giving practice. This study reports on an inquiry into 16 Chinese EFL teachers' feedback changes during the pandemic, with a focus on whether and how the teachers changed their feedback practice when a range of digital assessment tools and online instructional…

The entire education system, from elementary school to higher education, distorted during the lockdown period. The latest 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is not only recorded in China, but also globally. This research is an account of the online teaching paradigm assumed in the teaching method by most of universities in China and subsequent…