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Liu, Catrina; Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa – Early Education and Development, 2022
Research Findings: This study investigated the bidirectional relations among paired associate learning (PAL), language-specific skills and Chinese word reading in kindergarten children from second year (K2) to third year (K3). We tested 204 children on four mapping conditions of PAL (i.e., visual-verbal, verbal-verbal, visual-visual, and…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Young Children, Foreign Countries, Paired Associate Learning
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Liu, Catrina; Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa; Wang, Li-Chih; Liu, Duo – Journal of Research in Reading, 2021
Background: Research has shown that paired associate learning (PAL) plays an important role in children's word reading across different languages. However, little is known about the construct of PAL and its relationship with word reading in Chinese children. Methods: A total of 204 second-year kindergarten children from Mainland China were…
Descriptors: Correlation, Paired Associate Learning, Chinese, Reading Skills
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Liu, Catrina; Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
This study investigated the construct of paired associate learning (PAL) and its associations with Chinese word writing in kindergarten children. A total of 188 Chinese children (95 boys, mean age = 5.65 years; SD = 0.34) from [Xi'an], Mainland China in the third year of kindergarten participated in this study. Children were assessed on measures…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Paired Associate Learning, Kindergarten, Executive Function
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Yang, Chunliang; Chew, Siew-Jong; Sun, Bukuan; Shanks, David R. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2019
Interim testing of studied information, compared with restudying or no treatment, facilitates subsequent learning and retention of new information--"the forward testing effect." Previous research exploring this effect has shown that interim testing of studied information from a given domain enhances subsequent learning and retention of…
Descriptors: Testing, Transfer of Training, Retention (Psychology), Prior Learning
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Li, Hong; Shu, Hua; McBride-Chang, Catherine; Liu, Hong Yun; Xue, Jin – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
A total of 82 Chinese 11- and 12-year-olds with and without dyslexia were tested on four paired associate learning (PAL) tasks, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, rapid naming, and verbal short-term memory in three different experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that children with dyslexia were significantly poorer in visual-verbal…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Phonological Awareness, Paired Associate Learning, Short Term Memory