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Zuofei Geng; Bei Zeng; A. Y. M. Atiquil Islam; Xuanyi Zhang; Jin Huang – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
Computational thinking (CT) is widely recognized as a fundamental skill in the information age. However, within the context of Chinese early childhood education (ECE), CT remains underrepresented, with a notable gap in the availability of developmentally appropriate and rigorously validated assessment tools designed specifically for…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Test Validity, Kindergarten, Young Children
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Lihui Sun; Junjie Liu – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
There has been a global consensus to develop computational thinking (CT) in primary education, but the biggest obstacle to promoting CT is teachers' lack of sufficient CT. This study explored the effects of micro: bit educational robotics (MER) programming activities on primary teachers' CT and programming attitudes (PA) while considering the…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Elementary School Teachers, Robotics, Programming
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Gang Yang; Dan Zheng; Ji-Huan Chen; Qun-Fang Zeng; Yun-Fang Tu; Xiao-Li Zheng – Interactive Learning Environments, 2024
The game-based learning approach to developing students' computational thinking (CT) current has received attention from researchers. However, the compatibility between games and instruction is often insufficient to accommodate the entertaining and educational nature of the curriculum entirely, and the benefits of game-based learning could be…
Descriptors: Role Playing, Educational Games, Mental Computation, Learner Engagement
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Ding, Yi; Zhang, Dake; Liu, Ru-De; Wang, Jia; Xu, Le – Journal of Experimental Education, 2021
The aim of this research was to examine the role of working memory in moderating the effects of automaticity on mental addition in 40 Chinese third-graders from the perspectives of task characteristics and individual characteristics. In Study 1, a 2 (working memory load [WML]) × 2 (automaticity), within-subjects design was utilized. There was…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Mental Computation, Short Term Memory, Elementary School Students
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Liu, Fuchang – School Science and Mathematics, 2009
Four hundred and three 3rd- and 5th-grade Chinese students took the Multiplication Estimation Test or participated in the interview on it, designed to assess their computational estimation performance on whole-number multiplication. Students perform better when tasks are presented visually than orally. Third graders tend to use rounding based…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Grade 5, Grade 3, Arithmetic