From a historical perspective, it was only in the modern era that the academic profession was favored by the middle and upper classes who came to dominate it. This article shows that, in contemporary China, the pattern of the middle and upper classes dominating the academic profession results from their families having a good early education and…

Although women are increasingly earning degrees in STEM, they remain under-represented in these fields. An empirical study was undertaken to explain the phenomenon of missing women in STEM in China from the viewpoint of achievement motivation and gender socialization, using data from the Third National Survey on the Social Status of Chinese Women.…

Education is the fundamental of a country and it is one of the important support factors of a nation's growth. As for the educational issues never settled, it also brought up the awareness from a different perspective as for social rank, race, gender, and the area of the students and persuading social justice. The purpose of this study would like…

This paper examines the enactment of critical literacy pedagogy in secondary English language teaching in the face of globalisation. This qualitative case study signals that global citizenship education (GCE) and English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching can converge through offering equitable and globally contextualised learning opportunities.…

Due to the varied social inequities, the pandemic has prompted unprecedented attention to the social divides in learning gains via online/blended learning. It has been identified that approximately 27,000 Chinese cross-border students live on the Mainland but attend Hong Kong schools every day. The pandemic has restricted the passage of the…

Purpose: Private supplementary tutoring has been increasingly used by parents as part of wider strategies to assist their children's education careers in China. With a theoretical lens of parentocracy, this article aimed to investigate the influential parental factors underlying the demand for private tutoring, focusing on parents' socioeconomic…

Based on an ethnographic study, this article presents the class-based disparities of Chinese parents' usage of "WeChat," the dominating social networking mobile application in China, in their educational involvement. We find that middle-class parents are the privileged ones who have exploited the use of "WeChat" not only as a…

The purpose of this research is to reveal the relationship between women's education, women's labor force participation and national income in G20 countries. The relationships between women's education, women's labor force participation and national income were analyzed by the panel data analysis method for the G20 countries for the period…

Migrant children's access to educational opportunities has been a topical issue in China in recent years. This study focuses on the marginalised condition of migrant children in the current education system, using Bourdieu's theory of class distinction and cultural reproduction as a theoretical foundation. Through a multiple-case study in three…

Formal education in China serves as a means to reinforce national integration, and schools exhibit limited tolerance for cultural diversity, which significantly disadvantages students of ethnic minorities. On the one hand, minority cultures are to a large extent excluded in the curricula; and on the other hand, an assimilative approach is applied…

The aim of this paper is to analyze a specific array of publicly accessible policy papers and literature necessary to provide a contextualized interpretation of segregation policies and their implications for the educational outcomes of migrant children in China. By teasing out its ramifications for education equity, this paper reveals the…

Chinese principals play a significant role in recontextualizing the U.S. principals' practices in leading their school reform and student outcomes in Chinese social, cultural, and educational contexts. The purpose of this basic qualitative study is twofold: (1) to describe and interpret how Chinese principals make meaning of their experiences as…

The digital divide is an important issue that has been addressed in the world for several decades. However, little attention has been paid to the special population that emerged in cities of developing countries: rural migrant workers. Previous studies have shown that family background is a potential determinant of digital inequality among…

Drawing on a broader study that focused on understanding rural college students for equity and personal growth in higher education, this paper presents Ying's story of learning and living as a female college student from rural China. Adopting the thinking tools of habitus and reflexivity, the paper aims to understand the constraints Ying has gone…

During the economic boom in the last four decades in China, about 170 million rural migrants moved to cities. Building on existing concepts and models of citizenship, this article analyses how rural migrants, as legal citizens of China, have been segregated by the assigned identity of "hukou" and compromised in citizenship rights,…