This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument, the Mental Images of Scientists Questionnaire (MISQ), and use the instrument to examine Chinese students' mental images of scientists' characters across school levels, regions, living settings, and gender. The final version of the MISQ consisted of four constructs: scientists' cognitive,…

Critical thinking, a rational and open higher-order thinking mode in human cognition, is becoming imperative to success in modern life. Therefore, cultivating students' critical thinking has become a common goal of education reform worldwide. Teachers play a crucial role in cultivating students' critical thinking. However, existing studies have…

Background: Prior studies have emphasized the importance of parents' educational involvement (a type of cognitive involvement) to academic engagement, although little is known about emotional involvement. Aims: This study investigated whether and how different facets of involvement (cognitive vs. emotional, paternal vs. maternal) are…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has experienced increasing utilization and poses new challenges for schoolteachers to engage students. Project-based Learning (PBL) is widely acknowledged as an effective pedagogy for motivating and involving students. However, few studies have examined scaffolds that facilitate student engagement in…

Parental attachment has been argued to play a fundamental role in the development of adolescent Internet morality. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms of parental attachment. The present study tested a moderated mediation model that included parental attachment (predictor variable), empathy (moderator), online…

Teachers and peers are two influential social agents in students' academic functioning. In the present study, we differentiated perceived social relationships into positive and negative aspects and investigated how these perceptions influence students' motivation and educational outcomes. Results based on 2211 Chinese middle school students…

Establishing a coherent meaning in life has long been considered to be a protective factor of well-being, but this construct has been understudied in early adolescent development. The current study investigated the relationships between family allocentrism and depressive symptoms as well as the mediation effect of meaning in life in 214 Chinese…

Objective: This study examined children's representations of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as their pandemic experiences against the backdrop of the world having transitioned to normalcy. Design: Mixed-methods approach encompassing both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Setting: Two middle schools in…

Previous research has not adequately explored students' behavioral processes when addressing computational thinking (CT) problems of varying difficulty, limiting insights into students' detailed CT development characteristics. This study seeks to fill this gap by employing gamified CT items across multiple difficulty levels to calculate…

The impact of the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum on Chinese teachers' self-efficacy has been unknown. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to determine the impacts of the International Baccalaureate curriculum on Chinese teachers' reports of self-efficacy. Two groups were studied, the first comprised Chinese public…

This study examined whether socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) enhances students' algorithmic thinking performance, promotes learning participation and improves students' learning attitudes through game-based collaborative learning. The students learned algorithmic knowledge and completed programing tasks using Kodu, a new visual…

Research has consistently supported the significance of parental attachment in behavioral development during adolescence. Based on the attachment theory and the engine of well-being model, the current study examined the mediating effect of hope in the relation between parental attachment and social problem-solving skills in Chinese early…

School violence, as a special type of violence, refers to behaviors that take the school as a background, occur inside the school, and cause physical and/or psychological harm to school members. This review builds on growing literature in the field of school violence in mainland China with a focus on school bullying as its most common form. It…

The rapid development of education informatization provides more and more K-12 Chinese mathematics classrooms access to digital technologies. As a result, it is important to understand Chinese mathematics teachers' practices of technology integration in order to better support them. A questionnaire containing close and Likert-scale questions was…

Whereas it is often a challenge to keep students motivated and interested in academic tasks, it is more of a challenge to have students stay motivated and interested in academic tasks outside school during nonschool hours--homework. Prior research, however, has largely overlooked the reasons or purposes students have for doing homework and their…