Purpose: This article intended to introduce the recent Chinese compulsory education quality assessment. Design/Approach/Methods: The article summarized education policy documents relevant to the recent Chinese compulsory education quality assessment, especially from the three reports: "The Chinese Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Report," "The Chinese Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Report on Mathematical Learning," and "The Chinese Compulsory Education Quality Monitoring Report on Physical Education and Health." Findings: The article examined the development of Chinese education quality assessment in the context of the nation's pursuit of holistic education. It first reviewed a brief history of the education quality monitoring work in China that bore the fruits of a few recent reports. Second, findings and the framework of the assessment are demonstrated. Finally, I discuss the significance, limitations, and special issues of the assessment. Originality/Value: The article is among the earliest to present findings of the recent quality assessment in Chinese compulsory education in English critically.