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Hu, C. T. – Comparative Education, 1984
Premodern Chinese education emphasized an intricate system of examinations used by the government to select its officials from among the "shih" (scholars). A dual tract educational system existed: state and some private schools for examination bound scholars, and private schools for others fortunate enough to receive some education. (MH)
Descriptors: Chinese Culture, Comparative Education, Competitive Selection, Confucianism