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Zhang, Jing; Chiu, Ming Ming; Lei, Hao – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2023
Background: Many studies (especially cross-sectional ones) have shown significant links between two of these three constructs-achievement, self-concept and anxiety. Objectives: Unlike past longitudinal studies that examined only two of these three constructs, this study examines all three, grounded in self-determination theory, control-value…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Mathematics Tests, English (Second Language)
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Minda Tan; Shuiyun Liu – SAGE Open, 2023
Shadow education helps students become academically competitive. Currently, little is known about whether shadow education can effectively fulfill either remedial or enrichment purposes in China. Using the nationally representative data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) collected in 2013 and 2014, this paper explored the opportunity gap…
Descriptors: Human Capital, Private Education, Tutoring, Socioeconomic Status