The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether higher education is a necessary good or evil from the perspective of happiness education. To review the paper systematically, four research questions are addressed. First, what is the purpose of higher education? Second, is higher education a necessary good? Third, is higher education a necessary…

A source-identifying and comparative study of the development of the outlook on citizenship education in China and the Western countries indicates that there emerges a tendency of similar orientations in terms of relations between citizens and the state and society, between citizens' rights and obligations and between citizenship education and…

Discusses Chinese moral values, moral reasoning, and moral education in East Asia. Examines moral concepts cross-culturally. Argues that the Kohlbergian approach is useful to the study of Chinese moral reasoning. Offers suggestions for future research on Chinese morality within the framework of a culture-inclusive psychology. (RW)

Examines the cross-cultural universality of Kohlberg's theory of moral development in Communist Chinese society. Presents results of a study that supports the structure criterion of the moral model. Confirms the collectivistic and utilitarian themes in Chinese morality. Concludes further research is necessary to determine compatibility with…