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Direct linkMOGUEROU, PHILIPPE – European Journal of Education, 2005
In this article, we discuss the recent evolutions of science and engineering doctoral and postdoctoral education in Europe. Indeed, Ph.Ds are crucial to the conduct of research and innovation in the national innovation systems, as they provide a large amount of input into creating the competitive advantage, notably through basic research. First,…
Descriptors: Postdoctoral Education, Doctoral Programs, Competition, Natural Sciences
