The increasing ethnic, racial, cultural, religious, and language diversity in nations throughout the world is forcing educators and policymakers to rethink existing notions of citizenship and nationality. To experience cultural democracy and freedom, a nation must be unified around a set of democratic values such as justice and equality that…

Despite signs that minority graduate enrollment is rising, Black doctorate awards are down substantially, and other minority numbers, although rising, are still small. Women doctorates have increased. Precise foreign student citizenship numbers are unavailable, but recipients from some countries, such as China, and representation in some…