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Coniam, David; Lee, Tony; Milanovic, Michael; Pike, Nigel; Zhao, Wen – Language Education & Assessment, 2022
The calibration of test materials generally involves the interaction between empirical analysis and expert judgement. This paper explores the extent to which scale familiarity might affect expert judgement as a component of test validation in the calibration process. It forms part of a larger study that investigates the alignment of the…
Descriptors: Specialists, Language Tests, Test Validity, College Faculty
Zhu, Chang; Cai, Yuzhuo; François, Karen – European Journal of Higher Education, 2017
This study investigates perceptions of European and Chinese stakeholders on doctoral education (DE) in China and Europe, particularly the cooperation between the two sides. Data were collected through online and paper survey from both European and Chinese stakeholders (N = 946). The results provide insights for policy-makers, university…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Stakeholders, Doctoral Programs, Models