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Jones, Brett D.; Khajavy, Gholam Hassan; Li, Ming; Mohamed, Hanaa Ezzat; Reilly, Peter – SAGE Open, 2023
This study examined whether the five scales of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory produced valid scores when used in university English language courses across four different countries. We surveyed 1,147 students in English language courses in Iran, Mexico, China, and Egypt and analyzed their responses by performing measurement…
Descriptors: Learning Motivation, Student Attitudes, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Callueng, Carmelo M. – ProQuest LLC, 2012
Temperament has a long history of scholarship dating back as early as 350 BC when Hippocrates (1984) associated body fluids or temperament with behavior. Temperament is broadly described as stylistic and relatively stable traits that subsume intrinsic tendencies to act and react in somewhat predictable ways to people, events, and other stimuli.…
Descriptors: Personality, Children, Personality Measures, Questionnaires