Self-directed learning (SDL) is a basic individual ability in modern society. It is of great value to explore SDL and its relationship to learners' online learning effectiveness. This study explored the relationships among online learners' personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), SDL (SDL-approach and SDL-attitude), and perceived online…

Given the changing nature of literacy, it is critical to investigate how learners communicate using the multimodal affordances of digital platforms. Guided by metafunctions of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study developed a multimodal analytical framework to quantify multimodal composing with indicators of functional meaning to evaluate…

This study investigated the changes in social media use and cyber victimization before (November 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) among Chinese middle school students. It also examined the relation between cyber victimization and school adjustment overtime, and whether depressive symptoms mediated this relation and whether the…

The rapid advancement of digital technology has not only affected the world of work but also students' learning. Digital learning competence (DLC) is one of the essential skills students need for effective learning in a digital environment. Despite the significant presence of secondary vocational school students in China, constituting one-third of…

To explore the mechanism among digital literacy, online learning satisfaction, online learning engagement, and parents' educational expectations, a survey-based quantitative research approach was adopted to collect data. A total of 916 Chinese junior high school students completed an online questionnaire that included the digital literacy scale,…

This study aimed to build a model to detect the factors to enhance student engagement and learning development in mobile learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Data from a total of 400 junior-high-school students were collected in China in the fall semester of 2020, and a large proportion of students preferred accessing their study with cellphones…

The paper describes the research of causal relationships between the factors of technological, organizational, environmental, and personal contexts and their influence on the development of learning intentions in potential students. Its purpose was to develop a mechanism for designing a public online educational resource platform based on the…

This study extends the community of inquiry (CoI) framework and empowerment theory by exploring the relationships between motivational variables, CoI variables, learning presence, and empowerment. We added motivational beliefs (growth mindset, self-efficacy, and task value) as associated variables and learning presence (online self-regulation) as…

Background: Research examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' learning indicates that educational inequities have increased. To strengthen the provision of support for students going forward, and contribute to efforts to reduce inequity, there is a need to deepen understanding of how emergency remote teaching (ERT) is experienced…

Sense-making is the process by which people give meaning to their collective experiences. Sense is viewed as knowledge, and the environment in which the sense is made is interconnected with communication effectiveness. Considering the critical role of sense-making in the learning process, scholars have emphasised the significance of providing…

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to build a personalized learning intervention system, which can support students' personalized learning, improve teachers' teaching efficiency and students' learning effect. Design/methodology/approach: The research proposes a personalized learning intervention method based on a collaborative filtering…

In major public health crises, online education can play an important role in guaranteeing the continuity of education. However, whether online education can promote educational equity has been questioned widely. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed severe challenges students face in online teaching. Based on Bourdieu's theory of cultural…

We examined the results of a large-scale national survey of online secondary education in China. The online survey of 33,194 high school students and 5,667 teachers has provided comprehensive and representative data regarding the quality of online education and its implementation during the pandemic. Questionnaire surveys administered to students…

Self-directed learning with mobile technology (SDLMT) is critical to students' learning success. However, only minimal research has been conducted on the manner by which significant aspects (e.g., selfefficacy, student engagement) are related to SDLMT. This study analyzed the answers of 485 Chinese students (seventh to ninth grades) who were…

Recent research has unveiled the critical roles of self-efficacy and buoyancy in teachers' work engagement. However, there has been limited research on the intricate links between teacher self-efficacy, buoyancy and engagement in the online English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching context. To address the underexplored relationships among these…