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Zuofei Geng; Bei Zeng; A. Y. M. Atiquil Islam; Xuanyi Zhang; Jin Huang – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
Computational thinking (CT) is widely recognized as a fundamental skill in the information age. However, within the context of Chinese early childhood education (ECE), CT remains underrepresented, with a notable gap in the availability of developmentally appropriate and rigorously validated assessment tools designed specifically for…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Test Validity, Kindergarten, Young Children
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Ding, Yi; Zhang, Dake; Liu, Ru-De; Wang, Jia; Xu, Le – Journal of Experimental Education, 2021
The aim of this research was to examine the role of working memory in moderating the effects of automaticity on mental addition in 40 Chinese third-graders from the perspectives of task characteristics and individual characteristics. In Study 1, a 2 (working memory load [WML]) × 2 (automaticity), within-subjects design was utilized. There was…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Mental Computation, Short Term Memory, Elementary School Students