Two distinctive paradigms have been used in researching higher education phenomena in China's process of social transformation. The first might be described as "critical realist," and the second as "interpretivist." The book "Portraits of 21st Century Chinese Universities: In the Move to Mass Higher Education", has…

Until the early 20th century, virtually all schooling in China was private. However, since 1949, private schools disappeared throughout the country when the Chinese Communist Party took power. They resurfaced after 1978 when the government embarked on economic reform for modernization. As a comprehensive study of the development, context,…

This paper presents information on a new educational phenomenon in China--private schools. It reflects on the history of private education in China and its disappearance since 1949. Economic, social, and political conditions that prompted the reemergence of private schools since China's economic reform started in 1978 are examined. The article…