Global citizenship education (GCE) advocates global interdependency and interconnectedness, encouraging students to actively defend social justice, equity, and sustainable development at both local and global levels. When putting GCE into use, educators need specifications to transform it from normative ideals into knowledge suitable for…

Global citizenship education (GCE), an educational advocacy for students to attain the competencies of being aware of and actively engaged in defending social justice, equity and sustainable development at both local and global levels, is difficult to achieve in practice. The failure can be attributed to inadequate knowledge of different effects…