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Direct linkChen, Xi; Chen, Xinyin; Zhao, Siman; Way, Niobe; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Zhang, Guangzhen; Deng, Huihua; Cao, Ruixin; Chen, Huichang; Li, Dan – Developmental Psychology, 2021
This study examined toddlers' autonomy- and connectedness-oriented behaviors and mothers' encouragement of autonomy and connectedness in two cohorts (1995 and 2008) in urban China. Observational data were collected from Chinese children and their mothers in a laboratory free play session. The results showed that compared with children in the 1995…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Personal Autonomy, Parent Child Relationship, Mothers
Rubin, Kenneth H.; Hemphill, Sheryl A.; Chen, Xinyin; Hastings, Paul; Sanson, Ann; Coco, Alida Lo; Zappulla, Carla; Chung, Ock-Boon; Park, Sung-Yun; Doh, Hyun Sim; Chen, Huichang; Sun, Ling; Yoon, Chong-Hee; Cui, Liyin – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2006
The prevalence of behavioral inhibition in toddlers was examined in five cultures. Participants in this study included 110 Australian, 108 Canadian, 151 Chinese, 104 Italian, and 113 South Korean toddlers and their mothers who were observed during a structured observational laboratory session. Matched procedures were used in each country, with…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Inhibition, Foreign Countries, Mothers
