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Direct linkBerliner, David – Cambridge Journal of Education, 2011
The inevitable responses to high stakes testing, wherein students' test scores are highly consequential for teachers and administrators, include cheating, excessive test preparation, changes in test scoring and other forms of gaming to ensure that test scores appear high. Over the last decade this has been demonstrated convincingly in the USA, but…
Descriptors: Test Preparation, School Restructuring, Testing, Construct Validity
