Selecting principals is crucial for school improvement. This study sought to describe and compare diverse principal selection systems in South America, to identify similarities and differences. Principal selection systems were analysed from six countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The findings show the selection systems of principals across these countries to be diverse in terms of scope, stakeholders involved during the process, selection procedure and criteria. Focusing on leadership performance by combining the most effective criteria and procedures is critical for improving principal selection systems across South America.