Adult literacy is an essential subject to examine given its impact on human development indicators. A significant gap exists as nation-states progress on these indices, especially in developing economies. National governments and international and bilateral development organizations seek to improve adult literacy metrics for the developing world through policy interventions and initiatives. Being highly associated with economic development, education--and the outcomes of education, including literacy and numeracy is critical in this process in the reflection of the quality of human capital, gender equality, and reduced economic disparity. Since the first international conference on Adult Education in 1949 in Elsinore, Denmark, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) member states have dedicated themselves to ensuring that adults can exercise the basic right to education. This was reiterated with the adoption of the Marrakech Framework for Action at the Seventh International Conference on Adult Education in June 2022. Over these 70-plus years, the landscape and understanding of adult education is evolving. That said, limited access to educational opportunities has 773 million adults lacking basic literacy skills; two of every three being women. In many developing countries, adult learning program initiatives still need to meet their objectives, hence the need to revisit the factors impacting adult literacy and to identify newer approaches and tools in efforts to achieve near-universal literacy. Improved functional adult literacy deserves attention and effort because it gives people the opportunity not just to survive, but to flourish. [For the full proceedings, see ED666619.]