This study examined the relationship between the leadership styles of elementary school principals and their students' achievement in Alberta, Canada's curriculum-driven provincial education system. The study also explored the relationship between principal leadership styles and the demographic characteristics of the participant group. A total of 31 elementary school principals from 11 public school divisions were included in the study. Multiple regressions analyzed participant responses on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and school-based student achievement scores from the Alberta Grade 6 English Language Arts Provincial Achievement Test. Findings suggest no statistical relationship between principal leadership styles and student achievement; however, the relationship between transformational leadership and student achievement approached statistical significance. Additionally, findings suggest no statistical relationship between principal leadership styles and the demographic characteristics of gender, age, years as a teacher, and years as a principal. The relationship between gender and passive avoidant leadership also approached statistical significance. The study found a correlation among demographic characteristics of the participant group, especially as it relates to age, years as a teacher, and years as a principal. Measures of central tendency identified a correlational relationship in the consistency of principal leadership styles among participants. Recommendations for further research include studies that would include teacher perceptions of principal leadership through incorporating the MLQ multi-rater survey tool and further research on demographic characteristics and leadership dynamics of elementary school principals in Alberta, Canada. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]