This study covered personal and social characteristics, organizational objectives, sponsorship, formal meeting procedures, value concepts, and other factors associated with participation in formal voluntary organizations by a sample of 170 adult Ojibway Indians in three culturally similar communities in northern Ontario. Subject centered interview questions, and real life Indian situations phrased in the third person were used. Findings included the following: (1) respondents of both sexes, aged 41 to 50, married, and having five to eight years of schooling, formed the main group of participants; (2) adults from households engaged in seasonal labor, who did not attend adult education courses or attend church regularly, tended not to participate in voluntary organizations; (3) participants considered adult education activities the most important of the organizational objectives, while nonparticipants also stressed religious activities; and (4) favorable attitudes toward formal meeting procedures, and attitudes toward change, planning, education, time, and secondary relationships in organizations were significantly related to participation. (author/ly)